The Seven Basic Clause Types

Most sentences can be analysed into one of only seven basic clause types

Key - S: Subject, V: Verb, O: Object, C: Complement, A: Adverbial.

1) S + V - Jason sneezed.

2) S + V + O - Jason kicked a ball.

3) S + V + C - Jason is ready.

4) S + V + A - Jason walks to Manchester.

5) S + V + O + O - Jason took money from me.

6) S + V + O + C - Jason got a shoe wet.

7) S + V + O + A - Jason put his shoe in a box.

Sometimes the clause elements are used in a different sequence. This especially happens with questions, but can also happen with statements. 

Jonah Hex / his name / is! - C + S + V

The adverbial is different to the other elements as it can be used often in a clause. For example:

Jake / leaned / on the stick / again / happily - S + V + A + A + A